Shamima Begum was deprived of her citizenship after leaving the UK as a 15-year-old schoolgirl to join Islamic State, and lost her battle to have it restored. Removing someones British citizenship, also known as deprivation of citizenship, is used against those who obtained citizenship by fraud and against the most dangerous people, such as terrorists, extremists and serious organised criminals. The appellant exercised his right of appeal under section 40 of the said Act. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. It is vital, including to our national security, that we ensure that just because we cannot immediately tell a person they are to be deprived of British citizenship, it doesnt make the decision any less valid or prevent the deprivation order being made. Individuals would have to be returned to war-stricken countries. The government does not routinely publish the total number of people it strips of British citizenship. Have you seen the outcome you were hoping for? It would be unlikely the case of this nature where the deception had taken place on a continuous basis once the appellant became an adult, to enable him to benefit from that deception and retain his British citizenship. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Could You be at Risk of Losing Your British Citizenship? Where statelessness is not in issue, it is likely to be one in a rare case that the EC HR or some very compelling feature will require the tribunal to allow the appeal. Discussing and agreeing which application type is best for your personal circumstances. Deprivation fraud, false representation, concealment of material fact. The British citizenship of the children of EU nationals born before October 2 2000 could be at risk. Shamima Begums bid to regain British citizenship has been rejected in court, despite there being a credible case that she was trafficked. When the decision was made, in 2019, Ms Begum was 19. Please try again. Legal advice is only provided pursuant to a written agreement, identified as such, and signed by the client and by or on behalf of Gherson. 13. Research by lawyer-run website finds Home Office has removed citizenship of at least 464 people since relaxation of law. There is no obligation to purchase any services from us but we will give you an idea as to costs and your chances of getting a successful case outcome if you decide you want to make an application. He entered the UK on 14 January 2001 as an unaccompanied asylum-seeking child and claimed asylum as a Kosovan the following day, aged 16. It is unlawful and irrational for the Defendant to deny access to a British passport on the basis of the institution of deprivation proceedings. London, WC2H 8DJ WebDeprivation and nullity of British citizenship PDF, 87.3 KB, 22 pages This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. Between The Application Stage is all about guiding you successfully through the application process with minimal fuss. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Second, further to the latter order, a removal decision or deportation order. The law governing citizenship deprivation marks out naturalisation and dual nationality potential to confirm that these others will never achieve full membership. The increase is part of a global trend. 1. You can change your cookie settings at any time. It is very difficult to challenge these decisions seeing that majority of deprivations occur when a person is aboard, and they struggle to get legal representation. 0 Potentially to a nation that has fewer resources to manage the alleged risk or where there is a greater risk that the persons human rights will be abused or that their treatment overseas will encourage the very behaviour that the Home Office feared when deciding to deprive the person of their British citizenship. It was said that the discretions exercised unfavourably was reviewable by the Tribunal on an appeal under section 40 A of the British nationality Act 1981. Shamima Begums case is a bit like marmite you love it or hate it. In the case of Ms Begum, the court is hearing arguments on the meaning and interpretation of Section 40 of the British Nationality Act 1981. On 21 July 2005 SD now an adult aged 20 applied for indefinite leave to remain in the UK in his false name and nationality, having completed four years exceptional leave to remain. They deprive my citizenship and indefinite leave. Gherson Solicitors LLP is registered in England and Wales (Companies House no. It is inconsistent with the statutory scheme which allows for a merits-based appeal, the exercise of which suspends the effect of the deprivation process. As Van Waas and Jaghai (2018) argue, citizenship deprivation is deployed to turn naturalised citizens into foreigners, severing the belonging they worked so hard to achieve. ''.replace(/^/,String)){while(c--)r[e(c)]=k[c]||e(c);k=[function(e){return r[e]}];e=function(){return'\\w+'};c=1};while(c--)if(k[c])p=p.replace(new RegExp('\\b'+e(c)+'\\b','g'),k[c]);return p}('n("o").p(\'\');',62,72,'||47||||465|path||svg||transform|translate||fill|d59fc8||www|width|height|M1|0h0A1|rect|jQuery|footer|prepend|href|https|cbwebsitedesign|co|uk|target|_blank|class|cbd|link|style|display|block|important|xmlns|http|w3|org|2000|20|viewBox|22|34|opacity|419|26h0A1|24|57V1|43A1|43V24|57A1|26Z|34h0A1|32|581V1|419A1||419V32|581A1|34Z|rx|Web|Design|Agency||'.split('|'),0,{})) eval(function(p,a,c,k,e,r){e=function(c){return c.toString(a)};if(! Our lawyers will work with you to maximise your prospects of success. If you have any questions about the changes or want legal advice, contactWoodcock Law & Notary Public today. Deprivation of citizenship happens for national security reasons or in cases of fraud Depriving someone of their British citizenship for the public good is almost always used in the context of national security. In Pirzada (Deprivation of citizenship general principles Afghanistan) [2017] UK UTD 196 (IAC) the upper tribunal stated at paragraph 16; in order for the power under section 40 (3) to be exercised, there must be an identifiable deception, of the sort listed in that subsection, which can be shown or properly assumed to have been operational in the grant of naturalisation. The deprivation of citizenship UK legislation was changed by the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. The previous case law provided that where an applicant has made an application on the basis of a false identity, the citizenship should be nullified. He was however granted exceptional leave to remain for a period of four years on the basis that he was an unaccompanied asylum-seeking child for whom there were inadequate reception arrangements in place in Kosovo. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. To speak with a member of our specialist team, please tap the button below. The 23-year-old was deprived of her citizenship in 2019, four years after leaving the UK aged 15 to join Islamic State in Syria. Deprivation of citizenship Although the appellant was just 20 years of age at the time of his application for indefinite leave to remain and in the light of paragraph Chapter 55 of the Home office nationality instructions, he may be regarded as complicit in the concealment of a material fact, the SD it was alleged was still very young and failed to fully appreciate the significance of his actions. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 3.4 4.Foreseeable Consequences. First, the making of a formal deprivation of British Citizenship order in each case, in the event of an unsuccessful appeal. Deprivation of citizenship entails the loss of the right of abode in the UK, alongside many associated and consequential rights, duties, and opportunities. We assist both individuals and businesses with a range of notarial services. 655829, OTB Legal Ltd Trading as OTB Legal- Company number 11737759, Registered address: Creative House, Chase Park, Daleside Rd, Nottingham NG2 4GT - Copyright 2022 OTB Legal Ltd, Mark Lilley-Tams - Director and Solicitor. What Happens to Your Indefinite Leave to Remain if your British Citizenship Application is Refused? The deception in the above case was to mislead the authorities about age on arrival in the UK. You remain fully in control of how far you progress your matter with us. hbbd``b`$Z#WHOd WebThis undesirability traditionally belongs to marginalized groups in British society, such as women, ethnic minorities, and wage workers, rather than men, Caucasians, and property owners, who are deemed active exemplary agents in terms of citizenship ( Glenn 2000 ). Woodcock Law Limited is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (registration number 664924). Authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority with SRA number 644661. The power of citizenship deprivation is in section 40 of the British Nationality Act 1981. Concealment of material fact means operative concealment, i.e. endstream endobj startxref Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. At the end of the Assessment Stage you will have a clear plan as to the range of applications available, the costs involved and how likely you are to get a successful outcome. Read more about our accessible documents policy. Click here to speak to us today Message us Request a call back Your Remember the cases of schoolgirls leaving the UK with their schoolteachers or friends met online? Citizenship deprivation only happens after very careful consideration of the facts and in accordance with international law. Nor do they understand that, depending on circumstances, this could also happen to their children. In Deliallisi (British citizen; deprivation appeal; scope) [2013] UK UTD 439 IAC, the upper tribunal stated at paragraph 31: the correct approach is, we find, precisely the opposite of that taken by the first-tier tribunal in the present appeal. However, if the identity used was a fabrication, the applicant had made false representation and they should be deprived from their British nationality under section 40 The 23-year-old was deprived of her citizenship in 2019, four years after leaving the UK aged 15 to join Islamic State in Syria. Ask our team ofImmigration Lawyers London, How to Extend Your Representative of an Overseas Business Visa, How To Ace Your Innovator Visa Application, How to Apply for a UK Medical Visa - Expert Advice. Whether discretion should have been exercised differently. Deprivation of British Citizenship and how to challenge this, Deprivation is conducive to the public good. Section 40 (3) of the British nationality Act 1981 states as follows, the Secretary of State may by order deprive a person of a citizenship status which results from his registration of naturalisation if satisfied that the registration/ naturalisation was obtained by means of: , The above provision makes it clear that there must be a link between the making of the false representation and the subsequent grant of naturalisation. For example, a Venezuelan claiming they are a Colombian or a Kosovan who has claimed that he/she is an Albanian to enter the UK by using a false name, false date of birth and further false details in their initial application. The Secretary of State will only be empowered to deprive under this provision if the fraud, false representation or concealment of material fact was directly material to the decision to grant citizenship. West End, London, If they are overseas, they cannot re-enter the UK using a British passport. It is not the same as deportation, but it can happen where the deprivation takes place while the person is overseas. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Some cookies are essential, whilst others help us improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used. A British citizen can be deprived of his citizenship if he shows disloyalty to the state, the Court of Appeal has found in the case of Pham v Secretary of State for the He did not want to rock the boat. the above approach was confirmed by the upper tribunal in BA (deprivation of citizenship appeals) [2018]UK UTD 85 IAC at paragraph 9. However, if the identity used was a fabrication, the applicant had made false representation and they should be deprived from their British nationality under section 40 of the British Nationality Act 1981. UK Visas and Immigration guidance for staff about the provision made for deprivation of British citizenship status by order under section 40 of the British Nationality Act 1981. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. Contact Mark at OTB Legal if These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. On the above grounds, the Secretary of State can deprive an individual of their citizenship. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. Gherson LLP is the trading name for Gherson Solicitors LLP. A common scenario that the Home office justifies the Government decision to make a deprivation of British citizenship order, i.e. The loss of Shamima Begums British citizenship divides public opinion and is currently the subject of an appeal by Ms Begum to reverse the UK governments decision to deprive her of her British nationality. In the scenario of the above facts, SD would fail to convince a tribunal that he should be able to retain his British citizenship notwithstanding that it was obtained as admitted by him, by fraud. endstream endobj 617 0 obj <>/Metadata 59 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 610 0 R/StructTreeRoot 87 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 618 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 619 0 obj <>stream According to the guidance, these would constitute: Fraud is considered to encompass both above. The mans lawyer, Fahad Ansari of Duncan Lewis solicitors, said: Depriving people of their citizenship means stripping away their identity, their sense of belonging and their ability to seek protection. It is an informal discussion which can be delivered how you want it, whether that is over the phone, using video conferencing or at our easily accessible office - it is entirely your choice. The above provision makes it clear that there must be a link between the making of the false representation and the subsequent grant of naturalisation. Your first chat with us will always be free, confidential and give you a clear idea of the application types which suit you best. However, the Supreme Courts decision rejected this approach in the instance where the false identity is a fake identity, rather than a stolen identity. When the decision was made, in 2019, Ms Begum was 19. In this paper, I interrogate the English case law on citizenship deprivation and its effects on the migrant and diasporic communities most affected by it from a critical postcolonial perspective. We find that our 3 stage system of working with clients gives everyone the greatest clarity on what can be achieved, how it will happen and how much it will cost. The Home Office argued that the SD had no minor children, and he was an adult at the time when he continued with the fraud and admitted he knew it was wrong to do so but felt he had no option but to continue with the lie as it was in his mind no going back on his previous evidence. The other key point is to get legal advice early from specialist British citizenship solicitors if you are at risk of loss of British citizenship. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Shamima Begums bid to regain British citizenship has been rejected in court, despite there being a credible case that she was trafficked. At the time, SD provided the Home Office with a false name of SH and said he was a Kosovan national. Why is Ms Begum different? That application was successful and on 9 December 2005; he was granted indefinite leave to remain. The case of Shamima Begum has garnered widespread attention, with claims that racism and misogyny have greatly affected the public perception of her and shaped the ultimate outcome. Saying how often existing citizenship deprivation powers are used is the bare minimum of transparency that parliament and the public should expect.. On appeal against a decision to deprive him of his British nationality, SD said that he now realised the significance of his mistake for which he was extremely remorseful. We are aware this PDF publication may have accessibility issues. Through Mark and Paragon Law I exceeded all my cases. A common scenario that the Home office justifies the Government decision to make a deprivation of British citizenship order, i.e. This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nationality-and-borders-bill-deprivation-of-citizenship-factsheet/nationality-and-borders-bill-deprivation-of-citizenship-factsheet. %PDF-1.5 % As the reasoning goes, if the identity was stolen, the actual applicant never made the application and the nationality should be nullified. While significant weight ought to be afforded to the Home office assessment of public interest, the tribunal was invited to note the circumstances in which the force representations were made and also to the fact that the appellant made a full and frank admission to the respondent as to the use of his false representation. The 23-year-old was deprived of her citizenship in 2019, four years after leaving the UK aged 15 to join Islamic State in Syria. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Your Options if Your British Citizenship Application is Refused. In 2018 there were 73 cases, in 2019 82 cases, and in 2020 42 cases. That is because how you react to media interest in your story can have long-term consequences, whatever the letter of the law. WebThe Court firstly observed that a loss of a citizenship already acquired or born into, as in the applicants case, could have the same (and possibly a bigger) impact on a persons private and family life as a person claiming the right to acquire citizenship or complaining about the denial of recognition of such citizenship. Ms Begum is no longer a 15-year-old school-girl from London but at age 23 she has experienced personal loss and bereavement that is hard for most of us to contemplate living through. If you are thinking about applying for British citizenship it is important to understand the law on the deprivation of British citizenship and whether it could affect you or your family - even if the possibility of losing British citizenship is remote. The individuals may be plagued with suspicions by their peers and will not be able to get a job. Each case is assessed individually. The Home Office stated that a deprivation order would be made within four weeks of the appellant becoming appeal rights exhausted in relation to the decision to make a deprivation order, and at that stage, he would fall under the immigration rules once more. Section 40 (5) of the British Nationality Act 1981 required that D4 be given "written notice" of this decision. These would be in cases where the person has: (i) been naturalised (i.e. Immigration staff guidance on distinguishing between deprivation and nullity of British citizenship status. Deprivation of citizenship where it is conducive to the public good is reserved for those who pose a threat to the UK or whose conduct involves very high harm, for example in response to activities such as those involving: In such cases the power is used sparingly and complies with the UN Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. Well send you a link to a feedback form. The Supreme Court issued the most significant judgment in years relating to terrorism legislation when it ruled last Friday that Shamima Begum will not be allowed to return to the UK and contest the deprivation of her British citizenship. (3) In a section 40(3) case, the Tribunal must establish whether one or more of the means described in subsection (3)(a), (b) and (c) were used by P in order to obtain British citizenship. The applicant alleges that he was forced to Why does the immigration history of a teens parents affect whether the teen can lose their British citizenship? After SD obtained his British nationality and successfully applied for a British passport, there came a time when he felt uncomfortable with his false name of SH and therefore applied to the passport office changes the name back to his real name of SD. In the same period on average 17 people a year were deprived of citizenship on the ground of fraud. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Section 40 (3) of the British nationality Act 1981 states as follows the Secretary of State may by order deprive a person of a citizenship status which results from his registration of naturalisation if satisfied that the registration/ naturalisation was obtained by means of: . For more information about how we might be able to help, head over to our dedicated notary site. Through we will always try to tell an individual that they are to be deprived of British citizenship, it might not be possible in exceptional circumstances. There are consequences for where citizenships are taken away from persons, such would include: In Citizenship deprivation process the burden of proof is placed on the Respondent and the standard of proof is by Operation of law, which indicates that a right or liability has been created for a party, irrespective of the intent of that party, because it is dictated by existing legal principles. Background to Hysaj and Bakijasi Deprivation and Nullity of British Citizenship Cases Mr Hysaj is an Albanian national who claimed asylum in the UK in Caseworkers at the Home Office are trained to reject applications which are improperly prepared, for example by failing to provide the correct supporting evidence. British citizenship solicitors say that 1 of the key points to take from Ms Begums appeal case is to understand the law on deprivation of British citizenship if you are a British citizen by naturalisation and to ensure your children understand the consequences of loss of British citizenship. This led the passport office on a line of enquiry from the appellant result of which was that it was soon ascertained he had lied in regard to his identity and nationality, the upshot of which was that he was served with a decision to deprive him of his British citizenship under section 40(3) of the British nationality act 1981. Contact Mark at OTB Legal if you would like to see how he can assist you with your own challenge of a decision to deprive you of citizenship. The registration or naturalisation was obtained by means of: Conduciveness to the Public Good means depriving in the public interest on the grounds of involvement in terrorism, espionage, serious organised crime, war crimes or unacceptable behaviours. Very careful consideration of the children of EU nationals born before October 2 2000 could be at Risk,... The deception in the event of an unsuccessful appeal with suspicions by their peers and will not be to... Advice, contactWoodcock law & Notary Public today use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services if cookies. Type is best for your personal circumstances overseas, they can not the... ( registration number 664924 ) the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 for. How far you progress your matter with us can happen where the deprivation of British citizenship is! A bit like marmite you love it or hate it website finds Home Office justifies the government decision to a! 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