Each year of an Olympiad began on 1st July. There is much that can be brought into the discussion here about the Jewish calendar and Sabbath. Phlegon of Karia recorded both of these events in Chronicle of the Olympiad. Jeremiah 9:23-24. We have already seen there is strong reason to believe a record of the Crucifixion darkness was held in the Roman archives. I would not always agree with him on some interpretational points but he does well in analyzing the crucifixion date question. Therefore I think we can compare it to another impressive unnatural phenomenon that happened 100 years ago in Fatima, when the sun danced on oct. 13th 1917 at the exact time Our Lady foretold months beforehand, before a huge crowd. . We have already cited the Acts of the Apostles, the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke, Tertullian, Africanus, the 1st century historian Thallus, and the 2nd century historian, Phlegon, and these sufficiently demonstrate the historicity of the Crucifixion darkness. Having provided an argument for the historicity of a three hour darkness based on historical sources and reason, we may now address the objection made to it by skeptics, which may be stated as follows. The audience was quieter now and gave the speakers the respectful hearing that they deserved. An unknown, massive astronomical body passing through the solar system or on long period orbit, transiting between the earth and sun? Another historian, Philipon (with Origen), confirms the historicity of Phlegon's statement by writing, "And about this darkness - Phlegon recalls it in the OlympiadsPhlegon mentioned the eclipse which took place during the crucifixion of the Lord Christ, and no other (eclipse), it is clear that he did not know from his sources about any (similar) eclipse in previous times and this is shown by the historical account of Tiberius Caesar.". He quotes Phlegon as stating it was the 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad, conflicting with Africanus who quotes Phlegon as stating it was the 2nd year; He asserts this occurred at the Passover both in the 18th year of Tiberius (spring 32AD) and in Olympiad 202.4 (spring 33AD); It cannot be denied that Pliny the Elder wrote on topics like eclipses of the sun. Between 3 PM and sunset the Jews had to prepare the body and get it into the tomb, because the Sabbath started Friday evening around sunset. Even if there was an issue of corruption or inaccuratetranslation of the Phlegon writing, how could the science possibly have been faked when there would have been no way of faking it hundreds of years later without it being obviously exposed? . In 70 A.D., just forty years after the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ, the city of Jerusalem and the Temple were utterly destroyed by the Romans and the surviving population carried off into captivity. . Origen, Against Celsus, Book 2.33, Phlegon mentioned the eclipse which took place during the crucifixion of the Lord Jesus Christ, and no other (eclipse); it is clear that he did not know from his sources about any (similar) eclipse in previous times . Phlegon Darkness occurred when Christ was crucified, an eclipse of the sun cannot occur during a full moon since the moon would be on the opposite side of the earth. Within each olympiad, time was reckoned by referring to its 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th year. Another writer, a Christian historian named Sextus Julius Africanus, also commented about Phlegon's writings which connect the above event to the the crucifixion: "Phlegon records that, in the time of Tiberius Csar, at full moon, there was a full eclipse of the sun from the sixth hour to the ninth - manifestly that one of which we speak. Unfortunately for the skepticand a sign of his desperation as wellthe argument from silence is, perhaps, one of the most difficult types of arguments to make. However, we might venture to reasonably speculate why Plinyif he had known of the Crucifixion darknesschosenot to include it in his examples. Little is known about Phlegon, but he made reference to Christ. "In the fourth year of the 202nd Olympiad (i.e., AD 33) there was 'the greatest eclipse of the sun' and that 'it became night in the sixth hour of the day [i.e., noon] so that stars even appeared in the heavens. And with regard to the eclipse in the time of Tiberius Caesar, in whose reign Jesus appears to have been crucified, and the great earthquakes which then took place . At His own free-will, He with a word dismissed from Him His spirit, anticipating the executioners work. Thus, the Christian apologist Tertullian (155-240 A.D) could still say to the Romans in the late second century A.D. with regard to the Crucifixion darkness: And yet, nailed upon the cross, He exhibited many notable signs, by which His death was distinguished from all others. This fits the Hebrew calendar and Passover celebrations, and it also seems confirmed by historical extrabiblical sources referring to Christ's crucifixion. Thus, a solar eclipse, which happens when the moon passes between the earth and sun cannot be a valid explanation for the Crucifixion darkness. This blatantly religious appeal seemed odd and out of place. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) keeps a database of what are called "significant" earthquakes. So, we know that when Jesus was crucified had to be a year between AD 26 and 36 in which Nisan 14 or Nisan 15 occurred on a Friday. This argument is sufficient to diffuse the skeptics argument with regard to Pliny. If the above quotes about the crucifixion sky darkening and the earthquake are correct and actually correspond to the crucifixion, then we have historical evidence for miracles at the crucifixion. There is a silence of historical sources with regard to this Crucifixion darkness. Is there any evidence of global or regional darkness in 36CE? AWESOME I had read so many "time lines" and prophetic explanations. Astronomical calculation will help with this, but we first need to answer the day of the week question. One such quotation is as follows, "In the 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad, there was a great eclipse of the Sun, greater than had ever been known before, for at the sixth hour the day was changed into night, and the stars were seen in the heavens. An earthquake occurred in Bythinia and overthrew a great part of the city of Nica. These aspects of the problem are critical and it shows the Jewish mindset about the calendar and counting days was quite different than our modern mindset. Gary R. Habermas. From the work of Phlegon we can work out the date of the Crucifixion. . At the sixth hour the day was turned into the darkness of night, so that stars were seen in the heaven; and there was a . Some events regarding the life of Christ and the life of Paul the Apostle, which are mentioned in the New Testament can be dated. Pontius Pilate (Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House, 1968), p. 366. Therefore this is how Jesus could have been crucified on Friday and rise from the dead on Sunday, as Christian tradition and Biblical information have always said. A few verses later in Matthew 27:51 it is recorded that there was an earthquake at the exact moment that Jesus died. The speaker continued The 53rd chapter of Isaiah, written over 700 years before the birth of Christ, describes the most important aspect of the ministry of Jesus Christ!! It is impossible to have the Moon block the Sun at Full Moon, which is when Passover took place. By the time he wrote hisNatural History(73 A.D.), the Christians had already been claiming for the prior forty years that the Crucifixion darkness was a sign worked by their God. It amounts, in effect, to asserting the following:leaving aside all the evidence youdohave, you do not have anyotherevidence. Thus, the skeptic discards all evidence against his case, and then declares victory: aha, you have nootherproof!The reality is, there is no reason to set aside the sources and evidence we do have. This was quoted in Colin Humphreys book and it sounded so odd to me that I decided to see if I could find another source to confirm it. "However in the fourth year of the 202nd olympiad, an eclipse of the sun happened, greater and more excellent than any that had happened before it; at the sixth hour, day turned into dark night, so that the stars were seen in the sky, and an earthquake in Bithynia toppled many buildings of the city of Nicaea." Picking on Pliny The darkness and earthquake were evident not just in Jerusalem but also in Nicea which is over 300 miles away from Jerusalem! The Crucifixion darkness could certainly have been one of these excluded eclipses. However, whether there was or was not a Crucifixion darkness, it can not be proven from Pliny. . Pliny tells us from the outset that unusually long eclipses areportentous. As a Roman noble, it is not remarkable that Pliny selected two examples which were portentous with respect to the history of Rome, i.e., the eclipses at the times of Caesars death and the war against Antony. Doing so would only demolish their credibility on allotherpoints of the gospel they hoped to prove about Christ basedsolelyon personal testimony. In the fourth year of the 202nd Olympiad (i.e., AD 33) there was 'the greatest eclipse of the sun' and that 'it became night in the sixth hour of the day [i.e., noon] so that stars even appeared in the heavens. Required fields are marked *. On the Circumstances Connected with Our Saviours Passion and His Life-Giving Resurrection). Yes, to God, nothing is impossible. Remember then, especially on Good Friday between the hours of noon and 3 pm, that the Crucifixion darkness is a real, historical eventand pray for those who deny it. Next, we consider the Gospel of Matthew. But Peter standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and spoke to them: Ye men of Judea, and all you that dwell in Jerusalem, be this known to you, and with your ears receive my words. There is little doubt that this information was passed from ancient source to ancient source before it reached Phlegon; however; its place in historical writings is scientifically confirmed nearly 2 millenia later. Here, too, we see an Apostle feared not to mention the event precisely because it was already widely known among his readers. Phlegons citation is a fragment from Olympiades he Chronika 13, ed. Thus the New Moon is not visible. The earthquake and RARE darkness for three hours couldn't be ignored by secular writers. You can be sure that faith in God is not blind faith. In his book Chronicle of the Olympiad he records a miracle mentioned in the New Testament. II 21 [2], Phlegon records that, in the time of Tiberius Csar, at full moon, there was a full eclipse of the sun from the sixth hour to the ninth manifestly that one of which we speak. 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad. The astronomical science tells us there was no solar eclipse over Bithynia in that year. TheActs of the Apostlesrecords the very first public preaching of Peter and the Apostles, which took place less than eight weeks after the Crucifixion. 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad. But what has an eclipse in common with an earthquake, the rending rocks, and the resurrection of the dead, and so great a perturbation throughout the universe? An earthquake occurred in Bythinia and overthrew a great part of the city of Nicaea" Pratt, John, webpage by astronomer John Pratt on Isaac Newtons approach to determining the date of the crucifixion. This may seem hard to accept for some. What about all the other earthquakes that have hit California in the first part of the 20th century? It was calculated in four-year intervals. You can use a text widget to display text, links, images, HTML, or a combination of these. (below) says it took place in the fourth year of the 202nd Olympiad, which was 33 A.D. - which can be verified by clicking on the link following Phlegon's quote in red below. The answer is a resounding yes.Whether the darkness was witnessed throughout the empire or only in regions around Jerusalem is not clear. . The time from Friday 3 PM to sunset was counted as one day. The Formal Correction is on the way! So how should we understand the statement about Jesus being dead three days and three nights? The Date by Deduction EARTHQUAKE AND DARKNESS THAT OCCURRED AT JESUS DEATH WAS RECORDED IN SECULAR HISTORY. According to NASA, there WAS an actual solar eclipse in the fourth year of the 202nd Olympiad: http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/0001-0100/33-09-12.gif. Moon phase and solar year events are shown on the day in Athens. The first quote below is unique to Origen. [The word Christ in Hebrew is Messiah.] Christ bore our sins so that if we just turn to God through Christ and humble ourselves and repent we receive Gods forgiveness for all of our sins!! If you were to cross-reference that to every fourth year of an Olympiad, only 3 more would have been visible from Rome; 4AD, 17AD, and 20AD. Now you may be asking yourself, why is this even relevant? The 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad was 32-33AD: HMEPA Hellenic Month Established Per Athens The 202nd Olympiad Last Olympiad Next Olympiad Last Olympiad source: http://www.numachi.com/~ccount/hmepa/calendars/202.html Modern context of the calendar of ancient Olympics would put the 4 th year of the 202 nd Olympiad at July 32-33AD. Phlegon's ``Olympiads" (2nd century) says that Christ's crucifixion was in the 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad (AD 29-33), when a total solar eclipse occurred in the 6th hour. this objectionis something of a fallacious argument. I believe Colin Humphreys is probably correct that the date of the crucifixion of Christ was Friday April 3, A.D. 33. We do however have important sections of Phelgon's work, which are critical in dating the Crucifixion. 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad, in the 18th year of Tiberius. Remember that Jesus' baptism was shortly after the beginning of John the Baptist's ministry, which began in AD 29. When they could see the new crescent Moon in the evening (only visible for a short time in the early evening) they would send runners to announce that the new month had begun. Retrieved November 30, 2006 from [2]. Edit them in the Widget section of the, Repost: The Historicity of the Crucifixion Darkness. Well, for starters, it places a high degree of scientific precision for a writing that could considered to be hearsay or speculative because of its inference from another source. However, if the crucifixion were on a Wednesday or Thursday this does not seem to fit the proper timing in the Jewish Passover week. Thank you, Ive just been looking for information about this However, what concerning the bottom line? Modern context of the calendar of ancient Olympics would put the 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad at July 32-33AD. earthquake! This firmly connects Jesus and the gospels to Roman history. The written testimony from outside the Bible confirms some of the main events, people, and places mentioned in the New Testament. The ancient Olympic Games were held every four years for almost 1,100 years. Even with the loss of the original writing, if the transposition of the original to the copy were to be altered, there would be significant doubt as to when the event occurred, or if, it even occurred. We also know from the New Testament that at that time Caiaphas was the Jewish High Priest (Caiaphas is mentioned in Jewish writings) and Pilate was the Roman governor of Judea. The Jews counted days and nights as if a portion counted like the whole, they did not think in terms of ellapsed time as we do today. Roman historical sources confirm that Jesus Christ lived on Earth and died by crucifixion. We can therefore calculate with great accuracy that the three hour period of darkness, and also the Crucifixion, had to be in the Spring of A.D. 33. View groups/803359606485066s profile on Facebook, View wordpressdotcoms profile on Twitter, Fragment 18. Christ still changes lives like he did in the first century. Such is the difficulty of the argument from silence. His boyish face was flush and confident now. It is an important event to all Christians. 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad. I am more concerned in determining the year than the exact date and day of the week, but it seems you cannot really determine the year confidently without figuring out the exact day and day of the week. A secondline of argument for the crucifixion date comes from historical testimony and the weight of opinion of Christian scholars through history. Every person needs to deal with the questions of who Jesus is and what his death means. "In the fourth year, however, of Olympiad 202, an eclipse of the sun happened, greater and more excellent than any that had happened before it; at the sixth hour, day turned into dark night, so that the stars were seen in the sky, and an earthquake in Bithynia toppled many buildings of the city of Nicaea." This is the first of the gospels, written some time between38 and 45 A.D. Ten Years Ago: Benedict confirms I am no longer the Supreme Pontiff of the Catholic Church, Benedicts Last Audience: Ten Years After, Roma Locuta Est Considers: Benepapism and the Munus vs. Ministerium (EpisodeVI), Is the Culture of Death creating the Remnant? Two short works by him are extant. He has written apologetic articles and is working on a historical-adventure trilogy, set during the time of the Arian crisis. We have no need to be dogmatic about precise numbers regarding His age at the time of His crucifixion. The Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI: Now available through other book sellers, Roma Locuta Est Considers: Benepapism and the Munus vs. Ministerium (EpisodeII), Roma Locuta Est Considers: Introduction to Benepapism (Episode I). Tertullians statement certainly suggests he himself had seen the account of this world-portent. Otherwise, it would have been foolhardy of him to have made such a bold challenge to such sticklers for record keeping as the Romans, who could have proven him wrong. The above said, the skeptics objection appears strongest when they allege thatPliny the Elder an ancient Roman writer who penned a natural historywould surely have have mentioned the Crucifixion darkness. ", Africanus quoted a section of Phlegon's work as follows: "During the time of Tiberius Csar an eclipse of the sun occurred during the Full Moon.". But in the Jewish calendar the Jews would recognize the start of the new month by watching for when the new crescent Moon appeared in the evening, which would be after the conjunction. Emma Southon: "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them". Though historical data may be sketchy on some issues sometimes, regarding Christ's crucifixion, the evidence we have confirming the New Testament is I think very persuasive. Those issues do not change the conclusion for various reasons. Why would the Apostles allude to a darkness their hearers and readersknewdid not happen? In October, I will perform a miracle here so that all may believe. Africanus make it rather evident that Thallus was specifically addressing this darkness i.e., the three hour darkness at the time of the Crucifixion and not any other. For example, the first year of Olympiad 140 began in the summer of 220 BC and lasted until the middle of . It is important to readThallus comments to completely understand the issue. But it is a challenging issue to unravel. It was not until the sixteenth century that the Jewish calendar was formally defined precisely. To God nothing is impossible. He wrote extensively about natural phenomena earthquakes and such. Originally written in Aramaic, it was intended for a Jewish audience. On this site you can do a search for earthquakes essentially anywhere in the world, including through history. Among these is a very interesting quote below from a Christian scholar quoting an earlier Roman historian named Phlegon (first and second century). This is a clear Bible prophecy foretelling that God would cause the punishment for our sins to fall upon Jesus. Early Christian writers, such as Origen, Africanus and Eusebius, also cited a 2nd century writer, Phlegon, as having written of the Crucifixion darkness. Since Passover took place in the Spring before the Olympics, I think the fourth year of the 202nd Olympiad would be Summer 32 AD to Summer 33 AD. He was dying as the newborn infant was being brought back from Egypt by his parents. Matthew 12:40 says that as Jonah was three days and three nights in the fish, Jesus would be dead three days and three nights. The skeptics objection is an argument from silencethat other writerswouldhave said something if the darkness had really happened. Julius Africanus quoted from the Olympiades a section no longer in existence which said this darkening if the sun happened at the time of the full moon. "In the 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad, there was a great eclipse of the Sun, greater than had ever been known before, for at the sixth hour the day was changed into night, and the stars were seen in the heavens. Now, if the darkness was disputable, we might have expected Matthew to have gone into greater detail about it, perhaps as he did in relation to his account of the guards at the tomb of Jesus. The website for this is the National Geophysical Data Center (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov). Thus the darkening of the sky at the crucifixion is very extraordinary. In the same hour, too, the light of day was withdrawn, when the sun at the very time was in his meridian blaze. The madness of the skeptic is such that they would have us believe sources which are silent, over those which speak. And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord, shall be saved. and a seismic event that happened sometime between the years 26 and 36. GO TO Mobile Home, http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/b-greek/2000-May/011873.html, http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/newton.html, http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/lds/meridian/2004/daniel.html, http://www.neverthirsty.org/pp/historical-secular-quotes-about-jesus/phlegon.html, http://www.ichthus.info/CaseForChrist/Archeology/intro.html. Indeed Phlegon, who is an excellent calculator of olympiads, also writes about this, in his 13th book writing thus: "However in the fourth year of the 202nd olympiad [32 CE], an eclipse of the sun happened, greater and more excellent than any that had happened before it; at the sixth hour [around noon] day turned into dark night, so that the . Im fairly confident of the historical source, Your email address will not be published. In addition, he writes of an earthquake accompanying the darkness, which is specifically recorded in Matthews Gospel (Matthew 27:51): Secular Geologist, Jefferson Williams of Supersonic Geophysical, and colleagues Markus Schwab and Achim Brauer of the German Research Center for Geosciences, researched the Dead Sea and revealed that at least two major earthquakes occurred: A widespread earthquake in 31 B.C. In effect, to asserting the following: leaving aside all the evidence youdohave, you do not have.... 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