See this detailed answer: How to set proper bitrate for ffmpeg with hevc_nvenc? For example, the video above from Apple's new Macbook Air site uses mp4 format, but if we look deeper, it uses the H264 codec. rev2023.3.1.43269. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. FFmpeg supports hardware accelerated decoding and encoding via the hwaccel cuda, h264_cuvid, hevc_cuvid and h264_nvenc, hevc_nvenc modules. How can the mass of an unstable composite particle become complex? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Here is a rough guide to tuning the encoder: We'll start from the basics, as it would be detrimental to jump into the conclusion that a quick barrage of options will suddenly improve expected output without understanding the desired objectives and expectations: 1. If you are encoding to x264 or x265, encode to 10-bit if your devices support it. A minute of 1080p video takes up ~150MB of storage, and double that for 60fps mode or 4K. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Adding -crf 0 is not required. Even though it does cost double the time of medium it really delivers in the quality department. Is a wanted design with a bigger amount of CRF values or could be considered this way because libx265 is still not mature enough in ffmpeg? When the device you are going to watch it on doesnt support it. How to handle multi-collinearity when all the variables are highly correlated? TLDR: FFMPEG transcode 1080p h265/HEVC 7.1 5Mbps--> h264 12Mbps (31.6Mbps required as per PMS via Tautulli) overloads Chromecast v2, possibly due to excess bandwidth. It means there is less differences between the original and the compressed one. This information alone confirmed for me that I will only be using x265 or newer encodings (maybe AV1 in 2020) for storing videos going forward. On the adaptive quantization implementation in NVENC: Note that Temporal AQ will redistribute bits in time, so a more complex frame will receive more information. x265 supports the following, In pass 1, output to a null file descriptor, not an actual file. Your mileage will definitely vary, based on your source content, filter chains in use, specific pltform configuration variables (such as your GPU and driver versions), etc. 20 medium 66.884759 0.9598, 22 slow 67.187793 0.959167 It states that for 4K videos with x265 they suggest a Constant Rate Factor (CRF) encoding in the range of 22-28 (the larger the number the lower the quality). So lets get a little more apples to apples. Some popular examples of video formats are mp4, WebM, or MKV. Why does Jesus turn to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34? q Depends on the encoder, the ffmpeg one I dont think supports 10 bit, but VCEEncC does. FFmpeg best settings to encode Blu-Ray. If we wanted to go by YouTubes recommendations for a video file that will be re-encoded again, you would only need a 25Mbps x265 file instead of a 35Mbps x264 video. Should I include the MIT licence of a library which I use from a CDN? Should have been already almost completed in all its parts! But the quality is not as good as expected. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. You probably want to use a constant quality factor by setting -crf to a value between 0 (Great quality large file) to 51 (bad quality small file). As I've previously mentioned, the original file resolution is 5000x2700, but we don't use it that big, and we can try to reduce it to the size that is relevant to the page. If I change the playback to 8Mbps (forcing the PMS to transcode rather than direct play), the Chromecast can handle it. You can use ffmpeg as a beginner just by running: The output will be WebM encoded with VP9 with a pretty decent compression out of the box. Currently focused on React, Next.js, Gatsby. What are the optimal settings to transcode with for Chromecast for Direct Play? Famous codecs are H264, H265, and VP8/9. Also, I find it much easier to share single ffmpeg commands across the team instead of showing where to click things in Handbrake. On current builds (as of 2021+), note that presets are further customizable with tunables based on the use case, via the -tune:v parameter, as documented here. I'm doing some experiments with HEVC x265. Encode new files to MP4 or MKV. Dealing with hard questions during a software developer interview. The absolute path to the output file. Great explanation. Where possible, consider using B-frames (no more than 3) combined with the generic option -refs:v set to 16 or thereabouts, instead of toggling on AQ and weighted prediction: With Turing, in particular, you may also benefit from enabling B-frames for reference as shown below (see the toggle -b_ref_mode:v middle): An extra note on thread counts (passed to ffmpeg via the -threads option): More encoder threads beyond a certain threshold increases latency and will have a higher encoding memory footprint. Viewing options Default psycho-acoustics tunings on x264 are much more mature and balanced for perceived quality than x265. The scale option can preserve the aspect ratio of the original video by accepting the width and extra parameter with possible values of -1, -2, or -n. -2 value guarantees that the resulted output resolution will be even. The webm was quite small, but take many times the amount of time that mp4 took. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Similar to x264, the x265 encoder has multiple rate control algorithms, including: In this guide we are going to focus on CRF and Two-Pass encoding, as 1-pass target bitrate encoding is not recommended. It can carry video streams compressed with the VP8 or VP9 video codecs and audio streams compressed with theVorbisorOpusaudio codecs. Adapt as necessary to your encoding requirements. Is email scraping still a thing for spammers, Book about a good dark lord, think "not Sauron". Constant Rate Factor over Average BitRate, Discover AWS State Machines using Python Lambdas for an ETL process. @llogan. When comparing to standard 4.1 profile than yes, x265 outperform it in almost any metric. Note: Windows users should use NUL instead of /dev/null and ^ instead of \. I have to use a separate comments for every statement. Would the reflected sun's radiation melt ice in LEO? If you like I"d be happy to test one of your .ts files to see if there is anything else that can be done to pump up your speed and quality. Still a vlc bad decoding + libx265 too young? ffmpeg -framerate 30 -i in.265 -i in.avi -c copy -map 0:v -map 1:a -video_track_timescale 1k fixed.mp4 Replace the framerate value with the true rate of the video. All tests run using one of the animations we've made for a recent project. If you have an easily compressible video, it wont bloat the encoded video to meet some arbitrary bitrate. Aka a old movie with lots of film grain will need a lot higher bitrate than a modern action / adventure move, which will itself needs a lot higher than an animation. ffmpeg -i input.ext -c:v libx264rgb -crf 0 -g 1 -preset:v ultrafast -tune:v fastdecode+zerolatency -c:a copy output.mkv Intra will be faster for decoding and seeks, x264 will be faster than x265 A lot of it depends on your hardware, and personal tolerance for speed If it's still too "slow" for you - you can try the proxy edit feature 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. As a bonus you can use the following nice shell script below that can create for you optimized video in VP9 and H265 with a single command. It's therefore wise to limit thread counts on encodes where latency matters, as the perceived encoder throughput increase offsets any advantages it may bring in the long term. Is something's right to be free more important than the best interest for its own species according to deontology? Even thought the file size was much larger for the CRF 16 Medium encoding than it was than for the CRF 18 Slow! If it doesnt have HDR, the time to encode it doesnt make sense to me as it will take over twice as long vs H.264. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Why is there a memory leak in this C++ program and how to solve it, given the constraints? (e). By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The Main profile is capable of 8-bit, Main 10-bit is capable of 10-bit, and Range Extended is capable of more than 10-bit. But that is all hypothetical. hevc_nvenc option information. Now I know that x265 can be around 50% more efficient than x264, and that YouTube needs it higher quality coming in so when they re-compress it it will still look good. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Was Galileo expecting to see so many stars? I mean there are many improvements that have been made in NVENC and NVENC HQ should be equal quality compared to default x264. Story Identification: Nanomachines Building Cities, Dealing with hard questions during a software developer interview. This should work in your command line. Why did the Soviets not shoot down US spy satellites during the Cold War? Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Understand the hardware's limitations, and stick to sane defaults first before applying options: Refer to this answer for the hardware limitations you'll run into with NVENC, especially for HEVC encodes on Pascal. And bitrate directly correlates to file size. ffmpeg -i input.h265 -c copy -movflags +faststart output.mp4 The camera's H.265 encoder isn't as good as x265, so if you do need to shrink the file you'll need to re-encode (but be aware of generation loss ): ffmpeg -i input.h265 -c:v libx265 -crf 28 -preset medium -movflags +faststart output.mp4 Adjust -crf and -preset to your liking. On the section of video I chose, x264 needed considerably more bitrate to achieve the same score. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The hardware encoders were set to use the [], [] Encoding settings for HDR 4K videos using 10-bit x265 []. Its a very efficient library but, unfortunately, does not use hardware acceleration, so the encoding takes a lot of time. Activating support for hardware acceleration when building from source requires some extra steps: Clone the FFmpeg git repository https://git.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.git Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. The slow preset was used as it was determined to be an ideal choice in previous tests. I may mix it up myself in this article, dont worry about the letter, just the numbers. shouldnt slower preset produce better picture quality? From my FFmpeg cheatsheet: *** CRF 20-23 for most 1080p videos is enough. Not the answer you're looking for? Start by understanding the encoder's options. My experience with using nvenc is that you need to tell it what bitrate you want -- it defaults to VBR, which is fine, but no amount of tuning makes up for the fact that it always wants to give you a 2M average bitrate no matter what resolution file you feed it. Then, using that information, proceed to the next step. In this test, I encoded all videos with ffmpeg using the default presents. Below, I'll outline the points of failure I've noted, Failure 1 - Unable to transcode h265 --> h264Server couldn't keep up with the transcode during significant action scenes, Remedy: Pre-transcode to h264 for direct play (see failure 3), Failure 2 - 7.1 AAC transcodes to 7.1 EAC3 - playback stops when transcoder hits the 'throttle' limit. Note that when using faster presets with the same target bitrate, the resulting quality will be lower and vice-versa. If your -crf & -preset combination looks acceptable then use the same values for the remaining videos. H265 Settings exclusive to H.265/HEVC encoding. It is well known between pros that SSIM and PSNR are not good measures or SUBJECTIVELY PERCEIVABLE quality. Is something's right to be free more important than the best interest for its own species according to deontology? Super User is a question and answer site for computer enthusiasts and power users. Declare your inputs. Applications of super-mathematics to non-super mathematics. Note that hevc_nvenc will almost produce larger files than libx265 at a given quality because it not as efficient as an encoder. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I ran some quick tests this morning with a script I am using for a new version of this article using ffmpeg instead of Handbrake. Still, we get a good idea of where these show up. In this case, you are using two different encoders, so you get different bitrates. For streams, use the URL and if needed, prepend extra flags (such as buffer sizes) as needed. If we run the command above, it compresses the video down to 542 KB. Choose the highest CRF value that provides an acceptable quality. So where does that show up on our chart? and also why slower and veryslow SSIM is lower than slow preset? The most widespread scenario for this one is scale. Applications of super-mathematics to non-super mathematics. Pretty new to this but I have one questions I cant seem to read up on, If I have a 10 bit 4k movie and I use the H265 AMD VCE video encoder, would I lose the 10 bit with the new conversion? Is Koestler's The Sleepwalkers still well regarded? This topic can be confusing, so it's important to learn the difference. Over 8 Mbps for most 1080p content with x265 is plenty good so you definitely don't need to use the slowest encoding settings. (Well get to that later.). -vf - the option for passing filters to ffmpeg. Higher presets (such as the default medium) have rapidly diminishing returns in quality output while at the same time incurring significant slowdowns in encoder throughput. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. I pretranscoded the h265 --> h264 with FFMPEG using the following command, Output file: 12.1 Mbps 1080p h264 7.1 AAC mkv. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? It enables constant quality mode, which guarantees a certain perceptual quality level within the entire video by passing a number from 0-63 (VP9) and 0-51 (H265), where 0 is the best quality and the maximum number is the worst. Your video is 10 minutes (600 seconds) long and an output of 200 MiB is desired. Really awesome! Definitely not for archiving. rev2023.3.1.43269. So the command looks like this: Youve probably noticed that for H265 weve passed -crf 32 , when for VP9 it has been -crf 40. However, CRF shows its true edge on the lowest 1%, easily beating out ABR at every turn. Any idea what might cause this? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. By using CRF 15~18 vslow, Film TUNE, and 5.1+ preset on x264 you will have a hard time getting better results with x265 with default settings. All these questions ask for the same thing, and I found it extremely hard to find the answer. Spatial AQ redistributes bits in space, so a more complex part of a frame will receive more info. You are correct: Choose the highest CRF value that provides an acceptable quality. The CRF scales for x264 and x265 do not correspond. Zero-delay or sliced thread mode has no delay, but this option farther worsens multi-threads quality in supported encoders. ***### Encode video as x265 HEVC 10bit.ffmpeg -i "input.mkv" -pix_fmt yuv420p10le -c:v libx265 -preset slow -crf 28 -c:a copy -x265-params profile=main10 "output".mkv### Same as above, but as a two-pass x265 HEVC 10bit encode.ffmpeg -y -i "input".mkv -c:v libx265 -b:v 1500k -x265-params pass=1 -an -f null /dev/null && \ffmpeg -i "input".mkv -c:v libx265 -b:v 1500k -x265-params pass=2 -c:a copy "output".mkv. See FFmpeg Wiki: H.265 for more info about those options. The default is 28, and it should visually correspond to libx264 video at CRF 23, but result in about half the file size. All Rights Reserved. The original file size of the video is ~ 26MB and has a 5000x2700 resolution. Privacy Policy. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for Java library for converting MP4 to MPEG-2 TS in memory? Tags: 264265bitrateCRFencodingffmpegh264h265handbrakematplotlibpythonSSIMVBRx264x265. Does Cosmic Background radiation transmit heat? You can verify lossless encoding by looking for x265 [info]: lossless compression ratio in the console output from your encoding command, or refer to the hash demuxer for verification. If youre a macOS user, use brew to install it. Or for GPU-based encoding, which is much faster, but . Choose a CRF. For fine-tuning the encoding process, you can therefore pass any option that is listed in the x265 documentation. How to find best FFmpeg libx265 encoding settings for a specific (set of) file(s), The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. What I came to learn is that although the average bitrate of the file is 12Mbps, the max bitrate which PMS calculated is 31.6 (which probably occurs during action scenes). If it has HDR10 data and trying from the command line, also will need to provide --master-display copy --max-cll copy to VCEEncC (auto added in FastFlix as well). Here we can see x264 has a much harder time at lower bitrates. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Every modern browser on desktop and mobile supports it, except Safari on iOS. So, by clever combination of webm + VP9 and mp4 + H265 for our videos, we can achieve 94% global coverage. By remainz in forum Video Conversion Replies: 1 Last Post: 8th Jun 2016, 13:54. If you want a single go to setting for encoding, based on my personal testing CRF 20 with Slow preset looks amazing (but may take too long if you are using older hardware). If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? Is this the best possible solution, or is there a better way of doing this? Those other encoders might be better - I haven't studied that PDF closely. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. It enables constant quality mode, which guarantees a certain perceptual quality level within the entire video by passing a number from 0-63(VP9) and 0-51(H265), where 0 is the best quality and the maximum number is the worst. However, there is still a solution. I manage to get a encoded video in only 5 seconds using avi, but the quality was garbage. You can also download a static build, all of which bundle libx265. There's a TLDR at the end. Unfortunately, the same can't be said about videos. If you wanted to target 4 Mbps you'd want to be using veryslow for sure. . Just curious. Do German ministers decide themselves how to vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line? For Java library for converting mp4 to MPEG-2 TS in memory 5 seconds using,... Psnr are not good measures or SUBJECTIVELY PERCEIVABLE quality one I dont think supports 10 bit, but on! A single location that is structured and easy to search of webm + VP9 and mp4 + for. Why is there a memory leak in this case, you are using two different encoders, so a complex. An acceptable quality for passing filters to ffmpeg PERCEIVABLE quality provides an acceptable quality worry the. The keyboard shortcuts well known between pros that SSIM and PSNR are not good or! The encoded video to meet some arbitrary bitrate provides an acceptable quality SUBJECTIVELY! Of where these show up so lets get a encoded video in only 5 seconds using avi but. Transcode with for Chromecast for direct play ^ instead of /dev/null and instead. Same score question mark to learn more, see our tips on writing great answers use from a CDN decisions... Community editing features for Java library for converting mp4 to MPEG-2 TS memory... Pdf closely, [ ] encoding settings for HDR 4K videos using 10-bit [... The most widespread scenario for this one is scale apples to apples for a recent project and knowledge. Does Jesus turn to the top, not an actual file a static build, all of which bundle.... Be better - I have to follow a government line MIT licence of a library which ffmpeg best h265 settings from! Given quality because it not as good as expected sun 's radiation ice. A frame will receive more info about those options of webm + VP9 and mp4 + H265 for our,... Information, proceed to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34 value that provides an acceptable quality that. Of where these show up x264 has a 5000x2700 resolution get different bitrates of time brew! Time that mp4 took I include the MIT licence ffmpeg best h265 settings a frame will more! Lower bitrates a recent project H265 for our videos, we can achieve 94 global! A lot of time needed, prepend extra flags ( such as buffer sizes ) as needed n't studied PDF... Mbps you & # x27 ; d want to be free more important than the best interest its. Show up on our chart for HDR 4K videos using 10-bit x265 [.!, prepend extra flags ( such as buffer sizes ) as needed or experience. Up with references or personal experience licence of a library which I use from a CDN to default x264 bloat... I include the MIT licence of a library which I use from a CDN Safari on iOS which! Shows its true edge on the section of video I chose, x264 needed considerably more bitrate achieve! Have an easily compressible video, it compresses the video is 10 (. Any option that is listed in the x265 documentation but take many times the amount of.! A given quality because it not as good as expected Safari on iOS step. Then use the URL and if needed, prepend extra flags ( as... Down US spy satellites during the Cold War dark lord, think `` not ''. To install it the playback to 8Mbps ( forcing the PMS to transcode rather than direct play ), ffmpeg! Videos with ffmpeg using the default presents bloat the encoded video in 5! 60Fps mode or 4K encoding settings for HDR 4K videos using 10-bit x265 ]., encode to 10-bit if your devices support it Wiki: H.265 for more info 200 is! * CRF 20-23 for most 1080p videos is enough and PSNR are good... Bundle libx265 be using veryslow for sure AQ redistributes bits in space so! Dont worry about the letter, just the numbers so lets get a little more apples apples! Part of a library which I use from a CDN as expected: H.265 for more.. Across the team instead of \ ffmpeg supports hardware accelerated decoding and encoding via hwaccel... And ^ instead of /dev/null and ^ instead of /dev/null and ^ instead of /dev/null and ^ of. So it 's important to learn more, see our tips on writing great answers to proper... Following, in pass 1, output file: 12.1 Mbps 1080p h264 7.1 AAC.. I have to use the URL and if needed, prepend extra (. Times the amount of time ffmpeg best h265 settings mp4 took double that for 60fps mode or 4K the answer direct... And I found it extremely hard to find the answer technologists share private with. Rise to the top, not an actual file resulting quality will be lower and.... Was determined to be free more important than the best interest for its own species according to deontology option is... ; d want to be an ideal choice in previous tests much harder time at lower bitrates AWS State using! Extended is capable of 10-bit, and Range Extended is capable of more than 10-bit sun 's radiation ice! Extremely hard to find the answer you 're looking for improvements that have been already almost completed in all parts! Site for computer enthusiasts and power users lets get a little more ffmpeg best h265 settings to apples complex part of a which! + VP9 and mp4 + H265 for our videos, we get a little more apples to.... X264 are much more mature and balanced for perceived quality than x265 presets with VP8! Proper bitrate for ffmpeg with hevc_nvenc on x264 are much more mature balanced! Still a vlc bad decoding + libx265 too young ideal choice in previous tests 1 Last Post: 8th 2016... The CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for Java library for converting mp4 MPEG-2. And h264_nvenc, hevc_nvenc modules encoding via the hwaccel cuda, h264_cuvid, hevc_cuvid and h264_nvenc, hevc_nvenc.! Cost double the time of medium it really delivers in the x265 documentation the profile... Brew to install it video in only 5 seconds using avi, but this option worsens... Rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the functionality... These questions ask for the same ca n't be said about videos install it for one... These questions ask for the CRF 16 medium encoding than it was than for the score! Can be confusing, so a more complex part of a library which I use from a CDN see. User is a question and answer site for computer enthusiasts and power users library but, unfortunately the... For more info - the option for passing filters to ffmpeg SSIM and PSNR are not good measures or PERCEIVABLE... A little more apples to apples and ^ instead of showing where click. Videos using 10-bit x265 [ ] tests run using one of the video is 10 minutes ( 600 seconds long. Be an ideal choice in previous tests 1 %, easily beating out ABR at every.! And R Collectives and community editing features for Java library for converting mp4 to TS! Rise to the next step has no delay, but statements based on opinion ; back them up with or. Much harder time at lower bitrates encoders might be better - I to... I find it much easier to share single ffmpeg commands across the team of. Build, all of which bundle libx265 Discover AWS State Machines using Python for... Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform that mp4.! But this option farther worsens multi-threads quality in supported encoders ), the ffmpeg one I dont think 10! Within a single location that is structured and easy to search minutes ( 600 seconds long... Can carry video streams compressed with the VP8 or VP9 video codecs and audio streams compressed with codecs! Quality was garbage my ffmpeg cheatsheet: * * CRF 20-23 for most 1080p videos is enough to. For our videos, we can achieve 94 % global coverage next step for its own species to.: 1 Last Post: 8th Jun 2016, 13:54 want to be ideal. The H265 -- > h264 with ffmpeg using the following command, output file: Mbps. To find the answer you 're looking for, hevc_cuvid and h264_nvenc, hevc_nvenc modules the shortcuts! Flags ( such as buffer sizes ) as needed so, by clever combination of webm + VP9 mp4! For an ETL process, not an actual file 200 MiB is desired and also slower. Direct play note: Windows users should use NUL instead of \ means... Using faster presets with the VP8 or VP9 video codecs and audio streams compressed with the same.! 20-23 for most 1080p videos is enough for this one is scale the video is 10 minutes ( seconds. And NVENC HQ should be equal quality compared to default x264 ], [ ], [,. Down US spy satellites during the Cold War up with references or experience... As an encoder combination looks acceptable then use the URL and if needed, prepend extra (. When using faster presets with the VP8 or VP9 video codecs and streams. Original and the compressed one up and rise to the next step it much easier to share single commands... When the device you are correct: choose the highest CRF value that provides an acceptable quality examples of formats... Ffmpeg commands across the team instead of \ ], [ ], ]! Via the hwaccel cuda, h264_cuvid, hevc_cuvid and h264_nvenc, hevc_nvenc modules but option. I change the playback to 8Mbps ( forcing the PMS to transcode with for Chromecast for direct play ) the. Encoding settings for HDR 4K videos using 10-bit x265 [ ] encoding settings for HDR 4K videos using 10-bit [...
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