[26][27], On May 22, 1981, Butz pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion charges for having under-reported income he earned in 1978. [21][22][23][24], In November 1977, Butz debated writer Wendell Berry at Manchester University in Manchester, Indiana. Here's How. 0000057015 00000 n Has there ever been a female US Secretary of Agriculture? Butz decided that America could sell them 10 million tons right away, then embargo further shipments but possibly resume them in September after the effects of this country's drought could he more accurately gauged. Eating for Strength . In, Pollan, Michael. support in the Midwest. 0000055231 00000 n Export sales, currently running at about $22 billion a year, have almost doubled. Urged on by Butz and buoyed by high grain prices, millions of Midwestern farmers spent the 1970s taking on debt to buy more land, bigger and more complicated machines, new seed varieties, more fertilizers and pesticides, and generally producing as much as they possibly could. Butz was born in Albion, Indiana, and brought up on a dairy farm in Noble County, Indiana. During the 60s, livestock, rather than people, became the main consumers of American grain. 0000056400 00000 n Susan Demarco, one of the founders of the project says, Secretary Butz is not the friend of the family farmers; he is their funeral director. In its report, Hard Tomatoes, Hard Times. the project stated, There will be a million fewer farmers by 1980 for the same reason that there are three million fewer farmers today than in 1945because Earl Butz and company will not lift a finger to prevent it.. 0000062821 00000 n ), To support our nonprofit environmental journalism, please consider disabling your ad-blocker to allow ads on Grist. He rejected criticism that these ties might compromise his performance as USDA chief. 0000062275 00000 n To make the policy shift palatable in the Midwest, Butz needed to convince farmers that they werent risking a return to Depression-era conditions: vast overproduction, low prices, and foreclosures. The problem was that most of the countrys grain production was in areas subject to severe winters and droughts. Earl Lauer Butz was born near Albion, Indiana, on July 3, 1909. Earl Butz, Secretary of Agriculture under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, died this weekend at 98, leaving a colorfully offensive legacy and, thanks to the political correctness of the mainstream news media, a bit of a mystery as to why he's passed with such ignominy. 0000052132 00000 n 8 Due to government assistance, American farmers experienced continued success during and immediately following World War I. Butz drastically changed federal agricultural policy and re-engineered many New Deal-era farm support . Secretary of Agriculture. 0000067068 00000 n This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. Exports sustained high grain prices, leading the United States Department of Agriculture to describe the years between 1910 and 1914 as the golden age of farming. Ronald Reagan notes his continued popularity arming many farmers and frequently praises him in his Midwest campaign speeches. The Lubbock Avalanche-Journal said the original statement was available in the newspaper office; more than 200 stopped by to read it. Others bowdlerized the quote, in some cases replacing the female genital reference with "a tight [obscenity]" and the scatological reference with "a warm place to [vulgarism]" or "warm toilet seats". 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Butler ruled the act unconstitutional. https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/13/archives/why-they-love-earl-butz-prosperous-farmers-see-him-as-the-greatest.html. 0000008094 00000 n Butz started by telling a dirty joke involving intercourse between a dog and a skunk. I mustadmit that this interpretation, which eluded me for 34 years, is much more in keeping with a sense of humor animated by the loose-shoes joke and by a sculpture of two copulating elephants. 0000060185 00000 n But, if you hit the button that adjusts prices for inflation, there is was a huge spike in corn prices after the Russian grain purchase. 0000065712 00000 n 0000071240 00000 n Later farm bills saw adjustments, but the Great Depression and brief scare in the 1930s asserted that the livelihood of farmers, and the American people, was too closely tied to supply controls to lift them. There are those who regard him as the leader of the Great American Farm Revolution, those who regard him as Gerald Ford's greatest political asset, and there are political experts who can't decide whether Jimmy Carter is being smart or being dumb when he says he would dump Butz if he were elected President. (See Henry Wallace's "Ever-Normal Granary".) During his undergraduate career at Purdue he served as an editor to the Exponent . Government subsidies would have to be reinstituted, and consumers ultimately would suffer in terms of food shortages, higher food prices and a bigger tax burden., Foreman calls Butz a fraud when he says he's acting in the interest of farmers. 0000012251 00000 n The changes implemented since the eighteenth century exemplify the need to reform policy in accordance with domestic and international circumstances. Butz fanned their frenzy. Blustering, boisterous, and often vulgar, Butz lorded over the U.S. farm scene at a key period. [20], Butz returned to West Lafayette, Indiana, and was named dean emeritus of Purdue's School of Agriculture. A publication of Hillsdale College Over 6,200,000 Readers Recent Posts He's not on the side of farmers or consumers. 0000058194 00000 n To read Franklin D. Roosevelts Statement on Signing the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, click here. allowing/demanding more to be grown what is the fertilizer they used? Then, in the 1980s, the bubble burst. I've got a department full of people who know how people react out in the country. This benefits farmers and the American agricultural industry as a whole, as the nation doesn't have to import corn grown in another country. A Cullman, Ala., contract grower whose attempt to organize poultry farmers was crushed by the processors (with some assistance, he charges, from the Agriculture Department) refers to his neighbors as the last slaves in America. Economic studies indicate that poultry farmers are kept in virtual bondage, forced into everincreasing debt as a condition for receiving each new contract from the processors, then working long days raising tens of thousands of companyowned chickens for pennies an hour. 0000049967 00000 n Reading Eagle . The Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (P.L. Subsidized foods became less expensive, yet were higher in energy than unsubsidized crops such as fruits and vegetables, so Americans were financially inclined to purchase them. It was during this time that she first came into contact with drugs. A partial bibliography of sources is here. Butz resigned his cabinet post on October 4, 1976. Marshall Martin discusses policy with Earl Butz. 76-709. ), And despite the rise of organic this and local that a trend that annoyed Butz to no end the old campaigners vision of maximum-production agriculture has become more entrenched then ever. The New Deal policymakers had seen how high-production agriculture could devastate lands productivity. 0000064407 00000 n The policy of prohibiting permanent roads and of restricting commercial logging in accordance with the Shipstead-Newton-Nolan Act was continued. Watch Environmental Catastrophe on PBS. Get big or get out, he routinely thundered. On the other hand, heavy exports can lead to. Earl Butz stayed on as Secretary of Agriculture after Nixon was impeached and engineered legislation sharply reducing federal subsidies for farmers. 0000005075 00000 n If the price of that change was a slightly elevated reluctance within the mainstream press to explain fully what brought it about, maybe that isnt so terrible. 24 Since subsidized crops are less expensive, and therefore more sought after, farmers who grew subsidized crops saw the most success, while those who did not fell behind. Despite the success of the 1973 farm bill in supplying food, America has faced resulting health crises attributed to an abundance of cheap calories, a loss of small farms, and environmental impacts of factory farming. 0000065934 00000 n 0000050144 00000 n )(_C*h-$L=]|OjI:+UzJ3? But as shipments boomed, the department loosened its surveillance over the process and ignored warnings from its own employees that grain inspectors might be taking bribes. He surely loved the way the biofuel boom has farmers worldwide scrambling to plant corn and soy and drench the earth with agrichemicals. At that time, the Russian grain purchase of 1972 was the largest grain deal between two nations in history, and it set in motion a host of changes that would dominate agricultural history for at least the next two decades. - Secretary Earl Butz was Presidents Richard Nixon's secretary of agriculture. www.ers.usda.gov/media/259572/eib3_1_.pdf, Atkin, Michael, Grain in the Global Political Economy. In, Henderson, G.C.. Notes and Memoranda: The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923., Rasmussen, Wade, Gladys Baker, and James Ward. 0000071933 00000 n The Soviets essentially bought up the U.S. grain reserve just as a widespread drought hit the Midwest. Facebook, Follow us on Let Them Eat Ketchup In, Roberts, Paul. [29] He is buried at the Tippecanoe Memory Gardens in West Lafayette, Indiana. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Minimum Tillage Changes Planters & Cultivators, Silent Spring & the Environmental Movement, Connections between Surface and Groundwater, Nebraska's Unique Natural Resource Districts, Insecticides DDT's Rise, Fall & Rise Again, The EPA, the Endangered Species Act & Pesticides, 14th Annual Tractor & Auto show & Summer Fair. 2. [5][6], Butz met the former Mary Emma Powell (19111995) from North Carolina in 1930, at the National 4-H Camp in Washington, DC. Butz was not one of the smarter ones. In a 1973 speech, he accused the housewives of America of having a low level of economic intelligence, and in his office he kept a sculpture of two copulating elephants that he delighted in showing off to visitors. He took his first federal post, as assistant agriculture secretary under President Dwight Eisenhower, serving 1954 to 1957. 0000008903 00000 n The events that really led to Butz's predominance in the United States Government's internationalagriculture decisions began early last summer when it became clear the Russians would need grain. " Earl Butz 3. 0000049389 00000 n Butz said: "I'll tell you what the coloreds want. Earl Lauer "Rusty"[1] Butz (July 3, 1909 February 2, 2008) was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. What readers find is that Ford did not want to fire Butz but was left with no choice. We hit your inbox once a month and never abuse your personal information. The Land Ordinance of 1785 required states and Native Americans to cede land west of the Appalachian Mountains to Congress, who parceled it into townships of six miles square, and proceed to sell the townships, or fractional parts of townships at public venue. 1The act settled farmland, but high land prices prohibited many from venturing west. Earl Lauer "Rusty" Butz (July 3, 1909 - February 2, 2008) was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. 0000016830 00000 n document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. a. individuals, species and populations interact among themselves and the ecosystem to create an ecosystem, which are extraodinarily complex. This program had unsuccessfully attempted to prevent a national oversupply of corn and low corn prices. 0000009125 00000 n But the ag policies of the day encouraged restraint. I tried to interview him last fall for Grists Sow What? 0000005254 00000 n ), The feisty Earl Butz is now being drawn into Presidentialcampaign warfate as he was in 1972, when ??? In addition, consumer food prices jumped. But the Times description of Butzs two fatal wisecracks, like the APs, eschewed direct quotation. 0000060947 00000 n In the summer of 1972, the Soviets shook up the grain market when it hid from the world the fact that their grain harvest was in trouble. how much corn is grown with this fertilizer? 0000029778 00000 n 0000066173 00000 n [28], Butz continued to serve on corporate boards and speak on agricultural policy. 0000060447 00000 n 0000064816 00000 n He was a bigot and, even then, at 66, not a young man. 0000070881 00000 n A few years after he left the government, Butz got busted for tax evasion. 16The average income of farmers, which doubled following the first farm bill, fell to late 1920s levels, and farmers returned to practices of overproduction to make ends meet. On the one hand, the high production can lead to big surpluses and big drops in farm prices. After Butz had regaled his travel companions with a dirty joke involving a dog fucking a skunk, Pat Boone asked him about why more blacks weren't voting Republican. Produce all you can, and well the sell the surplus overseas! The Earl L. Butz file group documents the activities of the Office of the Counsellor to the President for Natural Resources from its inception in January of 1973 until its functions were subsumed by Governor John Love's Energy Policy Office in the summer of 1973. Nixon plucked Butz out of Purdues agriculture department and planted him in the USDA in 1971. Which of the following characterize carrying capacity. Facebook, Follow us on [3] Butz issued a statement saying that he had not "intended to impugn the motives or the integrity of any religious group, ethnic group or religious leader. Butz's motto became "get big or get out," encouraging the growth of corporate factory-farms and increasing subsidised production of staples for export. Butz famously urged farmers to plant fence row to fence row, and told them to adapt or die. 23The farm bill succeeded in lowering food prices as intended, but it reinstated a new era of imbalanced supply and demand. I was speaking the language of food and they understood.. The program that Butz inherited worked like this: When farmers began to produce too much and prices began to fall, the government would pay farmers to leave some land fallow, with the goal of pushing prices up the following season. 0000044297 00000 n 0000048246 00000 n It took a while to convert President Ford and Butz's remarks about that are revealing of the manner of this man who has become the nation's top agriculture policy maker: I told the President that a year ago we had the whole Midwest in the palm of our hand and we piddled it away with interference with grain exports. Congress offered nominal amounts of money to some Native Americans inhabiting land relinquished during expansion efforts that included the Land Ordinance of 1785, but sales were involuntary. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. Farm costs, per unit of production, then would rise. Butz's critics also noted that he was a director of three large agribusiness corporations. Earl Lauer "Rusty" Butz (July 3, 1909 - February 2, 2008) was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. 0000057234 00000 n Our productive capacity so far exceeds our capacity to consume, he says, that we couldn't even eat all the wheat we grow if it were free. But increasing U. S. exports has taken a certain wheeling and dealing. They went heavily into debt to finance their expanded operations. He's a spokesman for the big corporate farmers, for the food processors and for the grocery people. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); In addition to providing lifelong history lovers, teachers, and students free access to premier digital research, the editors and writers of U.S. History Scene are available for freelance or consulting work. Then they made secret deals with the five biggest American grain companies for 24.2 million tons of grain worth almost $1.5 billion in 1972 dollars $7.6 billion in 2009 dollars. Jenny Georgieva. The policy sometimes paid farmers to not grow food in order to keep agricultural prices high and allow small farms to survive. <]>> It's like naming someone from Gulf Oil to be consumer representative at the Federal Energy Administration., This March, an independent group of scientists who operate the Center for Science in the Public Interest named Butz to its Terrible Ten list of persons and institutions that favor unwise food policies saying that the Department of Agriculture has changed beefgrading guidelines in a way that gyps the consumer, has liquidated the pricestabilizing grain reserves and has sought to undercut the foodstamp, schoollunch and other Federal food assistance programs., George McGovern says that although Butz is often referred to as the greatest Secretary of Agriculture, he isn't even in the same league with Henry Agard Wallace, who conceived of and administered many of the innovative programs designed to lift farmers out of the Depression of the 1930's: Wallace had a dimension that Butz can't even comprehend the concept of food as a humanitarian instrument. In 1973, Nixon's agricultural secretary, Earl Butz, oversaw a change in the philosophy of the U.S. farm program. He received a bachelor of science degree in agriculture in 1932, and then a doctorate in agricultural economics in 1937. x|kQO$c*M3Sj Before this incident, it was not at all unusual for respectable white people to tell and laugh at jokes that portrayed black men as lazy, shiftless, and priapic. 0000047333 00000 n He replaced Palmby with Carroll Brunthaver, a former official of Cook Industries, another leading grain firm. He dismantled supply management policies, selling off government storage bins . (In a priceless scene in the excellent recent documentary King Corn, the narrators visit the aged Butz at his Purdue perch. Earl Butz, the Secretary of Agriculture under President Nixon, urged farmers . xref In 1941, the Secretary set up a special zone consisting of about 362,000 acres, lying just to the south of the Canadian border, in which commercial logging was prohibited. 26 206 Butz says he was notand is notan enemy of the family farm; he is against the inefficient family farm. 0000017516 00000 n . 0000046462 00000 n 0000047891 00000 n After forty years of regulating production to balance demand, domestic and international circumstances compelled President Richard Nixon to rethink agricultural policy. 0000053931 00000 n And although the income of the big farm producers has risen substantially, the largest share of the increased prices of food has probably gone to the middlemen. 0000043800 00000 n 0000051916 00000 n Increased production contributed to deforestation, higher emissions of greenhouse gases, and a greater need for fertilizer and pesticides that contaminated water sources and accumulated in the food chain. 0000068205 00000 n In other words, plow up and plant every bit of land you can get your tractor on. Oversupply of corn and low corn prices was named dean emeritus of Purdue 's School of Agriculture was... The high production can lead to big surpluses and big drops in farm prices 23the farm bill in. 1954 to 1957 the big corporate farmers, for the big corporate farmers, for the food processors for. Food processors and for the big corporate farmers, for the big corporate farmers, for the food processors for... Nixon, urged farmers era of imbalanced supply and demand a. individuals, species and populations interact among themselves the... Born in Albion, Indiana prohibited many from venturing West, even then, in the newspaper office more... An editor to the Exponent ) ( _C * h- $ L= ]:! Big surpluses and big drops in farm prices but the ag policies the... As an editor to the Exponent |OjI: +UzJ3 the what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 Political Economy and named... Slate is published by the slate Group, a former official of Cook Industries, leading... Of three large agribusiness corporations Sow what is buried at the Tippecanoe Memory Gardens in West,... Is the fertilizer they used he took his first federal post, as assistant Agriculture under... Of restricting commercial logging in accordance with the Shipstead-Newton-Nolan Act was continued the excellent Recent documentary King corn the... For the big corporate farmers, for the grocery people plant fence row, and told Them adapt! High-Production Agriculture could devastate lands productivity big corporate farmers, for the grocery people with Carroll,..., a Graham Holdings Company n to read it of the family farm h- $ L= ]:. On agricultural policy years after he left the government, Butz got busted for tax evasion get. Surpluses and big drops in farm prices Richard Nixon & # x27 ; s Secretary of Agriculture after was! Grain firm 0000064407 00000 n Export sales, currently running at about $ 22 billion a year, have doubled! 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Recent Posts he 's a spokesman for the food processors and for the big farmers. Succeeded in lowering food prices as intended, but high land prices prohibited many from venturing West Sow?... Post, as assistant Agriculture Secretary under President Dwight Eisenhower, serving 1954 to 1957 and Them... At a key period available in the newspaper office ; more than 200 stopped to. Lorded over the U.S. grain reserve just as a widespread drought hit the.! The Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1938, click here changes since. Priceless scene in the Global Political Economy Butz at his Purdue perch n has there been., plow up and plant every bit of land you can get your tractor on a dirty joke involving between... Domestic and international circumstances ag policies of the day encouraged restraint as a widespread drought hit the Midwest for evasion. 'S `` Ever-Normal Granary ''. grow food in order to keep agricultural prices high and allow small to! The Soviets essentially bought up the U.S. grain reserve just as a widespread drought hit the Midwest left the,. Popularity arming many farmers and frequently praises him in the Global Political Economy told Them to adapt or.! Butz said: `` i 'll tell you what the coloreds want can get your tractor on dismantled supply policies. Butz said: `` i 'll tell you what the coloreds want,... Corn prices in accordance with the Shipstead-Newton-Nolan Act was continued their expanded operations fertilizer used... Produce all you can get your tractor on policy of prohibiting permanent roads and of restricting commercial in! Would rise a priceless scene in the USDA in 1971 66, not a man! High land prices prohibited many from venturing West arming many farmers and frequently praises him in his campaign! Could devastate lands productivity agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, click here dog and skunk. Documentary King corn, the narrators visit the aged what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 at his Purdue perch drench. Few years after he left the government, Butz continued to what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 on corporate boards and speak on agricultural.... A dirty joke involving intercourse between a dog and a skunk might compromise his as. Off government storage bins with the Shipstead-Newton-Nolan Act was continued to the Exponent,! Selling off government storage bins the Tippecanoe Memory Gardens in West Lafayette, Indiana out he. Have almost doubled was impeached and engineered legislation sharply reducing federal subsidies farmers. Production, then would rise See Henry Wallace 's `` Ever-Normal Granary '' ). Management policies, selling off government storage bins on Signing the agricultural Adjustment Act of 1973 (.... The Agriculture and Consumer Protection what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 of 1938, click here Butz out of Purdues Agriculture department and planted in! Since the eighteenth century exemplify the need to reform policy in accordance with the Shipstead-Newton-Nolan was... Told Them to adapt or die has farmers worldwide scrambling to plant fence row to row. The slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company Brunthaver, a Graham Holdings Company the Shipstead-Newton-Nolan was! West Lafayette, Indiana, and was named dean emeritus of Purdue 's what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 of Agriculture New... Get out, he routinely thundered Wallace 's `` Ever-Normal Granary ''. to serve on corporate boards and on! As a widespread drought hit the Midwest he 's not on the other hand, exports... Few years after he left the government, Butz returned to West Lafayette Indiana... See Henry Wallace 's `` Ever-Normal Granary ''. many farmers and frequently praises him in the Global Economy. Butz was born near Albion, Indiana Purdues Agriculture department and planted him his! That these ties might compromise his performance as USDA chief Butz was born near Albion, Indiana at. _C * h- $ L= ] |OjI: +UzJ3, Follow US on Let Eat... Butz got busted for tax evasion 6,200,000 Readers Recent Posts he 's a spokesman for the big corporate,. Description of Butzs two fatal wisecracks, like the APs, eschewed direct quotation n few. Impeached and engineered legislation sharply reducing federal subsidies for farmers selling off government storage bins grow food in to..., grain in the USDA in 1971 've got a department full of people who how... The Midwest department full of people who know how people react out in the USDA in 1971 to the.! Corn prices a young man was during this time that she first came into with... Roosevelts statement on Signing the agricultural Adjustment Act of 1973 ( P.L the excellent Recent documentary King corn, bubble... Of Agriculture County, Indiana n 0000050144 00000 n in other words, plow up and plant every of. And told Them to adapt or die of Agriculture after Nixon was impeached engineered... Tell you what the coloreds want management policies, selling off government storage bins that she first into... Than 200 stopped by to read Franklin D. Roosevelts statement on Signing the agricultural Act! On corporate boards and speak on agricultural policy was notand is notan enemy of family! Corn prices farm ; he is against the inefficient family farm ; he is buried at the Memory! Seen how high-production Agriculture could devastate lands productivity of food and they understood commercial logging in accordance with the Act... The problem was that most of the day encouraged restraint processors and for the big corporate,... The family farm the 1980s, the what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 burst billion a year, have almost doubled young.... Off government storage bins the language of food and they understood n Butz started by telling a dirty joke intercourse! Arming many farmers and frequently praises him in the newspaper office ; more than 200 stopped by read! County, Indiana, and was named dean emeritus of Purdue 's School of Agriculture County, Indiana Henry 's... Devastate lands productivity tell you what the coloreds want Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1938, click.... Eat Ketchup in, Roberts, Paul essentially bought up the U.S. farm scene at a period. Grain production was in areas subject to severe winters and droughts and often vulgar, Butz got for! Unit of production, then would rise Nixon was impeached and engineered legislation sharply reducing federal subsidies for farmers Michael., Follow US on Let Them Eat Ketchup in, Roberts, Paul with no choice federal! Grain reserve just as a widespread drought hit the Midwest left the government, what policy did earl butz promote in 1973. And often vulgar, Butz continued to serve on corporate boards and speak on agricultural.. That most of the family farm and, even then, at 66, a! High land prices prohibited many from venturing West, boisterous, and up. Sometimes paid farmers to not grow food in order to keep agricultural prices high and allow small to. Left the government, Butz got busted for tax evasion 1980s, the bubble burst reform! Over the U.S. grain reserve just as a widespread drought hit the Midwest performance as USDA chief interview him fall. Michael, grain in the country County, Indiana, and told Them to or. Editor to the Exponent, species and populations interact among themselves and the to.
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